The Definition of the Word "Squaw"
by Tom Jonas
May 3, 2003
In modern dictionaries, the definition of the word "squaw" is simple:
Webster’s Unified Dictionary and Encyclopedia, 1959
n. an American Indian woman; a female, colloq.
Webster’s New Twentieth Century Dictionary, 1976
1. an American Indian woman or wife
2. any woman: chiefly humorous
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 1980
n. a North American Indian woman [< Algon.]
Oxford American Dictionary, 1980
n. a North American Indian woman or wife
The Chambers Dictionary, 1993.
n. a native American woman, esp a wife
The word "squaw" was borrowed from the Algonquin language family of a few Indian tribes in Canada and New England and first appeared in the American vocabulary around 1634.
1 It has been a familiar word in literature and historical documents for most of this country’s history. The Massechusett/Algonquin word means "young woman." The word is unknown in the languages of Native Americans of the southwestern United States.The controversy over this term appears to have started in 1973 with the book Literature of the American Indian, by Thomas E. Sanders and Walter W. Peek. Sanders and Peek suggested that the word "squaw" may have been derived from a Mohawk word for female genitalia. In a 1992 appearance on the Oprah Winfrey Show, Native American spokesperson Suzan Harjo mentioned their theory and started the controversy. The theory has been proven false by linguists2 but that hasn’t stopped the flood of political correctness activists from objecting to the name.
Since the word "squaw" has never been a part of the native vocabulary in the western three-quarters of the nation, the only way the Indians can form an opinion of the word is by observing how it is used in the English language and listening to the opinions of linguistic "authorities." I believe that there would be little objection to the word "squaw" among Indian peoples if they knew the true etymology of the word.
There is, in fact, a desire among many native Americans to preserve the usage of the word "squaw." Marge Bruchac (an Abenaki
3 Indian) writes in her article Reclaiming "Squaw" in the Name of the Ancestors:When our languages are perceived as dirty words, we and our grandchildren are in grave danger of losing our self-respect. We must educate, rather than tolerate the loss of our language due to ignorance.
In my memory, the word "Squaw" has always referred to simply an Indian woman or wife - there never was a hint of a derogatory connotation of the word. In the last few years, the political correctness movement seems to be on a quest to search out any and every word that could possibly be used in an insulting or vulgar way and eliminate it from the English language. If this trend is carried to its logical end we could lose a large part of our vocabulary. Even seemingly innocent words like "God" and "mother" can have a vulgar usage. The recently released book The Language Police by Diane Ravitch adds such innocuous words as "jungle," "courageous," and "founding fathers" to the list of offensive words. How long can this go on? Let’s educate rather than decimate our language and the ability to express ourselves.
Our history is important, we should preserve it.
ENDNOTES
1. www.wordorigins.org/wordors/htm#squaw
2. News From Indian Country by Ives Goddard, 1997
3.The Abenaki are an Algonquian-speaking tribe in New England.
4.This article can be viewed in its entirety at http://www.enia.net/users/dpanther/page10.html.
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Copyright 2003 Tom Jonas